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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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Rapid, Personalized Susceptibility Test to Accelerate Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology Study in Remote Settings

Taslimarif SaiyedCentre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP)Bangalore, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
24 Jan 2018

Taslimarif Saiyed from Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP) in India will develop microfluidics-based pH sensors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection. AMR is big healthcare challenge worldwide and particularly in India. Susceptibility assays are vital to study the emergence of new AMR strains in a community or geography, especially during epidemics. The proposed system - Rapid Personalized Antibiotic Susceptibility Assay (r-PASA) - is a DNA-based assay with pH sensors on a microfluidics platform. Microfluidic channels were chosen due to their suitability for rapid bacterial growth, and the reaction mechanism involves the accumulation of organic acids as a function of bacterial growth that changes the pH of the growth medium. Since testing pH at microliter (<5 μl) or nanoliter volumes is challenging, the device includes a DNA sensor based on a mismatched duplex such that acidic pH brings two flourophores' close together for a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) reaction that can be monitored by fluorescence imaging using a reader integrated into the device. The microfluidic channels use various classes of commonly used antibiotics in different concentrations to ascertain and quantify resistance at the same time.

High-Throughput Electrical Detection of Malaria Infection in Single RBCs under Low Parasite Density

Gautam SoniRaman Research InstituteBangalore, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
12 Feb 2018

Gautam V. Soni from Raman Research Institute in India will develop a Resistive Pulse Technique (RPT) for malaria detection based on the established fact that the Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (RBCs) are about 3 to 10 times stiffer than the normal RBCs, depending on the stage of parasite growth. Therefore, flow velocities of stiffer (infected) and softer (normal) RBCs can be easily distinguished in a simple fluidic channel using RPT. In this project, the difference in these flow velocities would be electrically measured across a spatial constriction to accurately determine the infected stage of individual RBCs. Various aspects of the device would be optimized for high throughput detection, ultimately yielding a portable electrical device capable of high sensitivity detection of one infected RBC per microliter of blood. They will also identify a clinical partner to work with infected blood samples from patients.

To Scale Up Specialized Training and Technology Provision for Reliable Anesthesia to Improve Surgical and Obstetric Care

Adam LewisGradian Health SystemsNew York, New York, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

To scale up specialized training and technology provision for reliable anesthesia to improve surgical and obstetric care

"Help, the Mother Is Bleeding!" An Interactive Voice-Controlled Virtual Mentor to Support Birth Attendants in Resource-Constrained Settings

Tiffany LundeenPreterm Birth Initiative East AfricaSan Francisco, California, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

"Help, the Mother is Bleeding!" An interactive voice-controlled virtual mentor to support birth attendants in resource-constrained settings

Evaluation of an Infusion Monitoring Device as a Cost-Effective Way to Increase Safe Access to Oxytocin and Magesium Sulfate

Beth KolkoShift Labs, IncSeattle, Washington, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

Evaluation of an Infusion Monitoring Device as a cost-effective way to increase safe access to oxytocin and magesium sulfate

Rapid Diagnostic Test for Urinary Adipsin Biomarker-Based Test for Improving PE Screening in Low-Resource Settings

Nicole AdvaniProgram for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)Seattle, Washington, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

Rapid diagnostic test for urinary adipsin biomarker-based test for improving PE screening in low resource settings

Augmented Infant Resuscitator: Transitioning a Novel Behavior Change Innovation to Drive Newborn Ventilation Enhancement to Improve Newborn Health Outcomes At Birth

Data SantorinoMbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbarara, Uganda
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

Augmented infant resuscitator: transitioning a novel behavior change innovation to drive newborn ventilation enhancement to improve newborn health outcomes at birth

FREo2 Solar: Battery-Free Solar-Powered Oxygen System for Small Health Facilities

Bryn SobottFRE02 FoundationMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

FREO2 Solar: Battery-free solar-powered oxygen system for small health facilities

Validation of an Innovative Newborn Respiratory Package of Equipment and Training

Thomas BurkeProgram for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)Seattle, Washington, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

Validation of an innovative newborn respiratory package of equipment and training

Newborn Heart Rate as a Catalyst for Improved Survival

Casey LowmanAmerican Academy of PediatricsItasca, Illinois, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Mar 2018

Newborn Heart Rate as a catalyst for improved survival

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