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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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A Portable Brain Scanner with Telemonitoring Platform for Detection and Management of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abhijit DasArogya Medtech Pvt. LtdKolkata, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
7 Mar 2018

Abhijit Das of Arogya Medtech Pvt. Ltd. in India will develop a device - CEREBROS - that is a modular unit combining electroencephalography (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) together with an Internet of Things (IoT) component incorporating a telemonitoring platform. This system enables continuous remote monitoring of cerebral hypoxia and seizures and early detection and management of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) at point-of-care. The device is in the form of a wearable cap for neonates. It will also include a multivariate classifier incorporating quantitative EEG metrics and cerebral oximetry metrics, which will identify disease-specific patterns that can be presented remotely by a neonatologist simultaneously in voice, text, pictures, or video or animations. The device could be provided, through both public and private care providers, under an affordable rental or pay-per-use model. The device provides an easy-to-use alternative to structural imaging (CT or MRI) that has better sensitivity and specificity, especially for neonates or infants less than 2 years old.

High-Throughput Electrical Detection of Malaria Infection in Single RBCs under Low Parasite Density

Gautam SoniRaman Research InstituteBangalore, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
12 Feb 2018

Gautam V. Soni from Raman Research Institute in India will develop a Resistive Pulse Technique (RPT) for malaria detection based on the established fact that the Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (RBCs) are about 3 to 10 times stiffer than the normal RBCs, depending on the stage of parasite growth. Therefore, flow velocities of stiffer (infected) and softer (normal) RBCs can be easily distinguished in a simple fluidic channel using RPT. In this project, the difference in these flow velocities would be electrically measured across a spatial constriction to accurately determine the infected stage of individual RBCs. Various aspects of the device would be optimized for high throughput detection, ultimately yielding a portable electrical device capable of high sensitivity detection of one infected RBC per microliter of blood. They will also identify a clinical partner to work with infected blood samples from patients.

Rapid, Personalized Susceptibility Test to Accelerate Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology Study in Remote Settings

Taslimarif SaiyedCentre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP)Bangalore, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
24 Jan 2018

Taslimarif Saiyed from Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP) in India will develop microfluidics-based pH sensors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection. AMR is big healthcare challenge worldwide and particularly in India. Susceptibility assays are vital to study the emergence of new AMR strains in a community or geography, especially during epidemics. The proposed system - Rapid Personalized Antibiotic Susceptibility Assay (r-PASA) - is a DNA-based assay with pH sensors on a microfluidics platform. Microfluidic channels were chosen due to their suitability for rapid bacterial growth, and the reaction mechanism involves the accumulation of organic acids as a function of bacterial growth that changes the pH of the growth medium. Since testing pH at microliter (<5 μl) or nanoliter volumes is challenging, the device includes a DNA sensor based on a mismatched duplex such that acidic pH brings two flourophores' close together for a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) reaction that can be monitored by fluorescence imaging using a reader integrated into the device. The microfluidic channels use various classes of commonly used antibiotics in different concentrations to ascertain and quantify resistance at the same time.

Hygienic Water-Free Toilet

Parag NemadeInstitute of Chemical TechnologyMumbai, , India
Grand Challenges India
Reinvent the Toilet
10 Dec 2014

This project aims to redefine the receiving material for human waste from water to granular material, thereby completely bypassing the need for water in this process. The project aims to redesign the conventional toilet to use a bed of granular that will ensure that there is no fecal staining of the system, fecal matter is cut-off from vectors, does not contaminate surface waters and that the user is always presented with a fresh, clean and dry surface.

Use of Viral Agents, Microbial Fuel Cell and Effective Recycling Strategy to Improve the Economics of Human Waste Disposal

Bipin NairAmrita UniversityAmritapuri, , India
Grand Challenges India
Reinvent the Toilet
3 Dec 2014

This is a proof-of-concept development for using viral agents to target and kill pathogens and odor-producing bacteria in fecal waste and also develop for ways to integrate this into waste treatment systems. The potential of this project is immense as, once thoroughly tested; it will provide a completely natural alternate to managing pathogens in waste water.

Empowered Septic Tank as Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System

Srikanth MutnuriGhent UniversityGhent, Belgium
Grand Challenges India
Reinvent the Toilet
27 Nov 2014

Srikanth Mutnuri from BIRAC in India in collaboration with Willy Verstraete from Ghent University in Belgium, will aim to develop a financially affordable and simple-to-operate decentralized wastewater treatment system for a single household as well as for a gated community of 100 people (25 families) that will produce high quality effluent for safe disposal. The waste treatment system relies on electrochemical reactions and the production of chlorine, to manipulate the pH of the wastewater to destroy pathogens and helminthes.

Effect of Environmental Parameters on the Treatment of Human Fecal Waste by Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Sudipta SarkarIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee, , India
Grand Challenges India
Reinvent the Toilet
29 Oct 2014

This project aims at refining a biological-agent based technology to understand the optimal conditions needed for its efficient use in India. It aims to use Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) to consume the human fecal matter and other bodily wastes. The team will test the optimal environmental conditions, in terms of temperature and humidity, for Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) to reduce the amount of human feces in waste septage.

Digital Technology Enabled and Community-Driven Integrated Agriculture and Nutrition Intervention to Promote Maternal and Child Nutrition in Odisha

Vinay KumarDigital GreenBhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
Grand Challenges India
Agriculture and Nutrition
24 Oct 2014

In this ICT-based pilot project, Digital Education, tested the impact of a combination of ICT and Participatory Learning Action (PLA) approaches to improve women's knowledge of nutrition in 30 villages. They promoted the dissemination of a series of nutrition-specific participatory videos to address nutrition-specific behaviors, locally feasible solutions as well as expenditure patterns to improve maternal and child diet quality.

Veggie Lite Conjunction of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Health for Inclusive Development of Women

Suvankar MishraEKutir Rural Management Services Private LimitedBhubaneshwar, , India
Grand Challenges India
Agriculture and Nutrition
14 Oct 2014

This project, run in collaboration with international partners Daisa Enterprises (formerly Wholesome Wave) and the McGill University Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, aims to pilot an innovative entrepreneurial approach to provide economic benefits and increase agricultural production, nutritional intake, and overall health to women in resource-poor rural and urban communities.

Design and Prototype Development of a Low-Cost, Smart Pill Dispenser for Continuous Monitoring of TB

Lazar MathewDevi Electronics LLPCoimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
25 Sep 2014

Lazar Mathew and team are working on a smart pill box that tracks exactly the time through radio frequency identification (RFID) of the dose coupled with SMS trigger systems. The pill box can dispense blister packs rather than tablets, and incorporates a timer which can only be programmed by the medicine provider. Medication cannot be taken out before or after certain times, preventing double dosage. SMS reminders will be sent to family members as well. Monitoring of up to 90 dosages will be possible with a table-top dispenser.

Novel Approach to Reduce Zinc Malnutrition in Rural Women and Children Through Agronomic Biofortification of Food Crops

Kuldeep SinghAmity UniversityNoida, , India
Grand Challenges India
Agriculture and Nutrition
16 Sep 2014

This project aims to reduce human Zinc deficiency through biofortification by foliar zinc application. It aims to prove that this traditional and efficient strategy of agronomic biofortification, can be a rapid solution for improving zinc concentration in grain to address the ongoing human zinc deficiency.

Empowering RNTCP Stakeholders with Effective TB Monitoring and Control Using Mobile and ICT

Anuradha LeleCentre for Development of Advanced ComputingPune, Maharashtra, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
15 Sep 2014

Anuradha Lele and team from CDAC are building an integrated SMS and voice calling solution, which involves mobile-based applications with forms to register patients, a lab form for sputum examinations, IVRS/missed call reminders, and a patient monitoring application for doctors and DOTS workers. The system also plans to include next of kin and friends to enable seamless monitoring of drug intake of the patient.

Eco-Toilet

Dinesh BindiganavalePradin Technologies Pvt. LtdBangalore, , India
Grand Challenges India
Reinvent the Toilet
13 Sep 2014

This project aims to utilize ultrasound to move and settle human waste collected in a specifically designed latrine. This redesigned latrine uses less water and therefore provides a more sustainable solution to collect human waste.

99DOTS: Using Mobile Phones to Monitor and Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Medications

Bill ThiesInnovators in Health (India)Patna, Bihar, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
12 Aug 2014

Bill Thies and the team of 99DOTS aim to achieve 99% TB drug adherence using a combination of basic mobile phones and augmented blister packaging to provide real-time medication monitoring at drastically reduced cost. The approach is to utilize a custom envelope, or blister card, into which each pack of medication is inserted and sealed by the care provider. When the patient dispenses medication from the blister pack, the pills also break through perforated flaps on the blister card. On the back side of each flap is a hidden number. Patients submit these numbers using their mobile phone as evidence that they have dispensed medication. To avoid incurring any mobile charges, the numbers are used to complete a phone number and deliver a "Missed call" (Missed calls are free if they are not pointed to a VoiceMail). Using this system patients also receive a series of daily reminders (via SMS and automated calls). Missed doses trigger SMS notifications to care providers, who follow up with personal, phone-based counseling. Real-time adherence reports are also made available on the web.

mDOTS: Improving Tuberculosis Detection, Treatment, and Adherence in Rural India

Krishna SwamyDimagi Software Innovations Private LimitedNew Delhi, Delhi, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
6 Aug 2014

Krishna Swamy and team are building a comprehensive tuberculosis (TB) mobile application to improve TB detection, treatment, and adherence. The team will build upon its open-source, mobile health (mHealth) platform CommCare and predeployed CommCare mobile applications for TB in India to develop a comprehensive, SMS-enabled mobile application for TB detection, treatment, and adherence. Dimagi will work with the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, South-East Asia (USEA) in the Khunti District, Jharkhand in India to design, test, evaluate, and scale the proposed mDOTS application, which will be designed around the World Health Organization's recommended directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) protocol for TB.

CoxBox: An Affordable Medicine Dispenser for Checking Non-Adherence

Manjari DebCalcutta RescueKolkata, West Bengal, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
6 Aug 2014

Manjari Deb and team are developing a small, electronic pill dispenser called the CoxBox that enables real-time tracking of patient treatment adherence and inventory. The CoxBox innovation provides a relatively inexpensive and easily implementable solution for action-oriented monitoring and controlling of anti-tubercular drug adherence through the use of a microcontroller-based electromechanical pill box with programmable alarm annunciator and a built-in mobile device.

mDOTS: Integrated TB Platform with Mobile Connectivity for Active Compliance

Hilmi QuraishiZMQ DevelopmentNew Delhi, Delhi, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
24 Jul 2014

Hilmi Quraishi and team are building a system to enable adherence to TB treatment. The proposed solution is sliced from ZMQ's Fully-Technology Linked Model (F-TLM) for TB treatment and management called the Open and Universal Technology based TB (OUT-TB) Management and Treatment Framework. The framework was developed by ZMQ under its Freedom TB initiative. The proposed solution empowers the patients with active compliance reporting, gamification, and effective self-management of TB treatment using mobile-based tools integrated with miniature DOTS Center Systems and DOTS Provider Toolkit. The solution is based on a bottom-up technology model, which empowers patients to take control of treatment with reminder systems, compliance reporting, dosage tracking, test scheduling, and provider connection for need-based supervision. The solution will help in creating networks of treated patients as new knowledge providers, who will serve as peer educators to provide assistive support to patients in their communities. The approach will make the treatment a community-lead model.

myTBdoc Program

Nakul PasrichaPharmasecure Product Authentication Services India Pvt LtdNew Delhi, Delhi, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
24 Jul 2014

Nakul Pasricha and team are working to develop special cards, called myTBdoc cards, with unique alphanumeric identifiers printed on them to be given to medical representatives (MRs). TB medicines manufactured by Lupin will also have unique identifiers printed on them. MRs will give myTBdoc cards to private doctors that see TB patients, educating them on correct TB prescription methods. Doctors will then give these cards to new TB patients, instructing them to SMS the unique code on the card (enrolling them in our program) and to SMS the unique codes printed on their TB drugs as they take them. PharmaSecure will then deliver phone interventions, such as reminders to take medicines, follow up calls, and TB health tips via SMS and voice calls. Lupin holds a major market share in the Indian TB drug market, and hence the solution will reach out to a larger affected population easily.

TB Prasakti

Janardan SureshKavin CorporationBangalore, Karnataka, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
24 Jul 2014

Janardan Suresh and team are building a mobile-based application to improve TB adherence. The system, called TB Prasakti, involves SMS-based reminder and follow up, automated telephone reminder and follow up, and a total patient information system, which ensures maximum utilization of technology for TB. It provides for easy scalability and affordability and provides a "single window" to capture, store, remind, follow up and generate reports, thus ensuring a comprehensive and all-encompassing solution. The novelty lies in the solution being a total end-to-end tracking of the TB patient treatment and adherence life cycle, in which all the stakeholders are able to communicate through a single system.

Holistic TB Drug Adherence System Using Mobile Phones Augmented with Smart Hardware Apps

Nishant KumarEmbryyo Technologies Private Ltd.Pune, Maharashtra, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
21 Jul 2014

Nishant Kumar and team are building a mobile hardware app which can serve an electronic pill box and can be attached to a conventional mobile phone. The hardware attachment has a rectangular sleek design, which can be fixed onto the mobile phone or can be used separately. A mobile application runs on the phone and controls the hardware attachment via Bluetooth. This product also facilitates a novel points-based incentives system to further encourage the patient towards continued adherence. A complementary mobile phone application runs on the handheld devices of the health worker. The hardware attachment can either be distributed as a standalone product or with a phone.

REAP TB Therapy

Saleem MohammedXcode Life Sciences Pvt LtdChennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
21 Jul 2014

Saleem Mohammed of XCode is developing a platform for publishing, through which "health signals" will be delivered. These health signals are delivered over a subscriber's mobile phone in a snack format comprised of a reminder system through SMS, a reply mechanism for confirmation, a 1-minute audio clip that educates about the disease, and a quiz for engagement and incentives to be awarded accordingly. The SMS acts as a teaser to the audio clip that expands and goes into greater detail about TB drug adherence. The technology is deployed in the cloud, which enables the solution to scale rapidly and dynamically. REAP TB also uses the services of TB survivors for counseling and following up with TB patients.

A Mobile Workflow-Based Solution for Closed Loop Monitoring of Adherence to TB Treatment

Shashank GargHandheld Solutions and Research Labs Pvt LtdBangalore, Karnataka, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
21 Jul 2014

Shashank Garg and team will develop a mobile solution that addresses problems in adherence to TB treatment through the key technologies of mobile phone-based electronic forms, workflow management, identity management, and electronic health records. The objective is to achieve automated tracking and monitoring of individual TB patients for adherence to the TB treatment protocol. ASHA workers will use the mobile application for collection of dosage intake data in the field. A workflow system will provide a closed loop through SMS alerts in case a patient defaults. Along with identity management and a TB treatment record, the system will ensure patients are able to seek treatment even on migration, thus maintaining continuity of treatment. This mobile solution is novel because it will use a form-based mobile application capable of running in disconnected or offline mode, with data connectivity being required only for the duration of data upload to the server.

Technology-Based Solutions Towards Grand Challenges in TB Control

Avin AgarwalNestingBits Technologies Pvt LtdBangalore, Karnataka, India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
21 Jul 2014

Avin Agarwal and team will develop an electronic pill box with the software architecture based on a client-server software solution with hardware integration. The technique involves tracking the weight of the remaining pills through an electronic pill box with GSM connection and pressure sensor. This approach tracks if the pill is taken out of the pill box for consumption and reports this information to the central server. The solution could be as effective as DOT and a lot cheaper to implement. Addressing the cost of implementation will be emphasized for long-term execution, and an alternate SMS-based solution is suggested to reduce the dependency on pill boxes, in case the objective can be met using a less expensive SMS solution. By the nature of its design, the application will identify defaulters and escalate them for more stringent techniques of monitoring and at the same time alert healthcare professionals only when necessary.

Real-Time Remote Monitoring and Tracking of Treatment Adherence

Shweta RoyAtharvWin Healthcare Pvt LtdHyderabad, , India
Grand Challenges India
Tuberculosis Treatment
21 Jul 2014

Shweta Roy and team are developing a small, electronic, tablet strip holder that enables real-time tracking of patient treatment adherence and inventory. The tablet strip holder will be small in size, embedded with a weighing scale to monitor change in weight of tablet strips and thereby monitor treatment adherence. Any change in the weight of the strip will be recorded on a server via SMS using a telemetric SIM within the holder. If the change in weight is not detected within a given time period, the device will trigger a non-compliance alert through SMS to the patient and caregiver DOTS observer. The holder will also have an inbuilt alarm to alert the patient in case of missed dosages. The final product will be light weight and sleek in design and the patient will be able carry the tablet strip holder like a mobile phone. Minimal patient input is expected, making this device user friendly, and alerts can be customized as per regional language. The cost of the final device is expected to be $10 - 12 USD per piece.

Accurate, Accelerated and Affordable Kit to Predict Sickle Cell Disease Using Microfluidics and Cell Phone-based Imaging Systems

Debjani PaulIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
25 Apr 2014

Debjani Paul, Ninad Mehendale and Ammar Jagirdar from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in India will develop a simple system to detect sickle cell disease for use by untrained individuals in tribal populations in India in order to reduce infant mortality rates. Current diagnostics require expensive equipment and trained personnel, and are often inaccessible to the rural populations most in need. They will produce a microfluidic chip that can preserve a sample of blood in the deoxygenated environment required to maintain its characteristic sickle-shape, which can then be detected by a modified mobile phone camera and automated software that they will also develop. The system will be tested for sensitivity and specificity using blood from patients with sickle cell disease. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Developing a Sustainable Plasmodium Vivax Liver-Stage Assay

Kouichi HasegawaInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineBangalore, Karnataka, India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
21 Apr 2014

Kouichi Hasegawa of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in India will develop an assay using human liver cells to study the parasite Plasmodium vivax, which causes malaria, and to screen for new anti-malarial drugs. During the parasitic life cycle inside human hosts, P. vivax infects hepatocytes (liver cells), where it can lie dormant and protected from treatment, leading to disease relapse. To identify new drugs to target this stage of P. vivax requires large numbers of human liver cells, which are difficult to obtain and often unsuitable. A new approach will be used to generate human hepatocytes by isolating a type of white blood cell from individuals infected with P. vivax, and inducing them to differentiate into hepatocytes, which should better support parasite growth. Once validated, this P. vivax liver-stage culture system will be used in a preliminary screen of a set of chemical compounds to identify new anti-malarial drugs. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Control of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites By Lactobacillus

Sanjiban BanerjeeAbGenics LifeSciences Pvt LtdPune, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
14 Apr 2014

Sanjiban Banerjee and Sambuddha Ghosh at AbGenics LifeSciences Pvt. Ltd in India will develop a new method to treat intestinal worm (helminth) infections using modified probiotic strains of the bacterium Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus, which can live in the human gut, will be modified to produce stable RNA molecules selected to target specific helminth genes and ultimately destroy the parasite, thereby curing the infection. Because Lactobacillus colonizes the gut, it can be used as a long-term treatment for multiple helminth infections. Efficacy of the approach will be tested in hamster and rabbit models of intestinal worm infections. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Neobreathe

Avijit BansalWindmill Health Technologies Private LimitedNew Delhi, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
15 Apr 2013

Avijit Bansal and Ayesha Chaudhary of Windmill Health Technologies in India will develop an easy-to-use device to enable front-line health workers to more successfully resuscitate newborns. The current bag and mask device is inefficient and requires two trained personnel who are often not available. They have designed a foot operated manual resuscitator that also reports real-time performance, and requires only one trained operator. They will measure performance parameters of the prototype to generate evidence to support progress into clinical trials. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP- GCE program.

TB Nanodots: Transdermal Controlled Release of TB Drugs

Rohit SrivastavaIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
12 Apr 2013

Rohit Srivastava and Aravind Kumar of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in India will develop a microneedle-based drug delivery system for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Current treatment involves frequent administration of combinations of toxic drugs, which often leads to non-compliance necessitating further complex treatments. They have designed a photo-thermosensitive nanocarrier based on liposomes that can release the drugs transdermally via microneedles upon exposure to sunlight or LED in a controlled manner, bypassing the need for multiple administrations and reducing toxic side effects. They will fabricate the microneedles, evaluate drug release dynamics using light, and test drug bioavailability in vivo using a small animal model. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Virosomes Producing Virus-Like Particles in situ for Dengue Prophylaxis

Vishwas JoshiSeagull BioSolutionsPune, Maharashtra, India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
9 Apr 2013

Vishwas Joshi and colleagues from Seagull BioSolutions in India will develop a vaccine against the dengue virus by engineering a defective version of the measles virus to express dengue virus proteins (a so-called virosome), which can induce protective immunity. There is currently no approved vaccine that protects against dengue infection, which causes disease in 50-100 million people annually, some of which are life threatening. They will test the efficacy of the virosomes to prevent dengue virus infection by using them to vaccinate mice and analyzing immunity upon viral exposure. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Accurate, Accelerated, and Affordable Kit to Predict Preterm Birth and Postpartum Recovery

Ashish GangulyCSIR-Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarh, Punjab, India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
5 Apr 2013

Ashish Ganguly and colleagues from the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology in India will make an affordable paper-based diagnostic to quickly and precisely measure plasma gelsolin levels in expectant mothers to help predict premature delivery and postpartum recovery, thereby reducing new mother and child mortality rates. They will determine the value of plasma gelsolin levels for predicting postpartum-related problems using patient sampling and an animal model of preterm birth. They will also develop the diagnostic by identifying a plasma gelsolin binding peptide that will be used to coat an optimized paper strip, along with a cell phone based read-out to enable remote analysis by a centralized unit. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

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