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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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Neobreathe

Avijit BansalWindmill Health Technologies Private LimitedNew Delhi, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
15 Apr 2013

Avijit Bansal and Ayesha Chaudhary of Windmill Health Technologies in India will develop an easy-to-use device to enable front-line health workers to more successfully resuscitate newborns. The current bag and mask device is inefficient and requires two trained personnel who are often not available. They have designed a foot operated manual resuscitator that also reports real-time performance, and requires only one trained operator. They will measure performance parameters of the prototype to generate evidence to support progress into clinical trials. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP- GCE program.

TB Nanodots: Transdermal Controlled Release of TB Drugs

Rohit SrivastavaIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
12 Apr 2013

Rohit Srivastava and Aravind Kumar of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in India will develop a microneedle-based drug delivery system for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Current treatment involves frequent administration of combinations of toxic drugs, which often leads to non-compliance necessitating further complex treatments. They have designed a photo-thermosensitive nanocarrier based on liposomes that can release the drugs transdermally via microneedles upon exposure to sunlight or LED in a controlled manner, bypassing the need for multiple administrations and reducing toxic side effects. They will fabricate the microneedles, evaluate drug release dynamics using light, and test drug bioavailability in vivo using a small animal model. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Virosomes Producing Virus-Like Particles in situ for Dengue Prophylaxis

Vishwas JoshiSeagull BioSolutionsPune, Maharashtra, India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
9 Apr 2013

Vishwas Joshi and colleagues from Seagull BioSolutions in India will develop a vaccine against the dengue virus by engineering a defective version of the measles virus to express dengue virus proteins (a so-called virosome), which can induce protective immunity. There is currently no approved vaccine that protects against dengue infection, which causes disease in 50-100 million people annually, some of which are life threatening. They will test the efficacy of the virosomes to prevent dengue virus infection by using them to vaccinate mice and analyzing immunity upon viral exposure. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Accurate, Accelerated, and Affordable Kit to Predict Preterm Birth and Postpartum Recovery

Ashish GangulyCSIR-Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarh, Punjab, India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
5 Apr 2013

Ashish Ganguly and colleagues from the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology in India will make an affordable paper-based diagnostic to quickly and precisely measure plasma gelsolin levels in expectant mothers to help predict premature delivery and postpartum recovery, thereby reducing new mother and child mortality rates. They will determine the value of plasma gelsolin levels for predicting postpartum-related problems using patient sampling and an animal model of preterm birth. They will also develop the diagnostic by identifying a plasma gelsolin binding peptide that will be used to coat an optimized paper strip, along with a cell phone based read-out to enable remote analysis by a centralized unit. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Use of HIV Provirus as a Target for Selective Killing Latently Infected Cells

Kaliannan GanesanCSIR-Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarh, Punjab, India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
15 Oct 2012

K. Ganesan and Pradip Sen of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research - Institute of Microbial Technology in India will work to selectively kill cells latently infected with HIV by engineering reagents that would initiate killing only upon specific binding to proviral DNA. If successful, further development could result in a possible cure for latent HIV, which is thought to block the ability of anti-retroviral drugs to fully eradicate the disease. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

Development of Alternative Strategies of Chemotherapy for TB

Kanury RaoInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, , India
Grand Challenges India
India-GCE
19 Apr 2012

Kanury Rao of International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in India is testing small molecule inhibitors of host proteins required for M. tuberculosis to survive and replicate within host cells. Identifying and optimizing compounds that target host proteins could lead to new drug therapies for tuberculosis that are effective even against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. This grant was selected through India's IKP Knowledge Park and their IKP-GCE program.

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