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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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SMS Mobile Technology for Vaccine Coverage and Acceptance

Edwin AsturiasUniversity of Colorado DenverAurora, Colorado, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Immunization Systems
10 Apr 2012

Edwin Asturias of Children's Hospital Colorado in the U.S. will test a mobile phone short message service (SMS) system that will provide messaging texts to parents of infants in Guatemala in an effort to improve timely immunizations, increase vaccine acceptance, and provide a tool for reporting of side effects.

Smart Bowl Conveys Cassava to Market with Pest Control

John BrassilFunctional Circulation, LLCNorthbrook, Illinois, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Protecting Crop Plants
1 May 2012

John Brassil of Functional Circulation LLC in the U.S. will augment the bowls used by women to transport cassava roots to market by incorporating pest controlling elements and passive communicating elements such as radio-frequency identification (RFID). Pest repellant materials will be molded into the inner surface of the bowls or applied post-processing. Bowls will also be fitted with communication devices such as RFID that could be used in epidemiological and agricultural studies.

Single-Cell EPR Sensors for Rapid Diagnostic Tests of Malaria

Pingshan WangClemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
17 Apr 2012

Pingshan Wang of Clemson University in the U.S. will develop and test an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) sensor that uses radio-frequency interference to boost its sensitivity for the detection of malaria pigment in a single red or white blood cell. Such devices could allow for accurate and quantitative malaria diagnostics with blood or non-invasive finger-tip test systems.

Single Vial System SVS

Spyridon TsakasEulysis UK LimitedRoslin, , United Kingdom
Grand Challenges Explorations
Immunization Systems
9 Apr 2012

Spyridon Tsakas of Eulysis UK Limited in the United Kingdom will test an innovative single vial system (SVS) technology that allows for easier transport, reconstitution, and storage of vaccines with lyophilized components. Data gathered on its packaging, transportability and in situ lyophilization potential will help optimize the technology for safe vaccine delivery to the developing world.

Simultaneous Screening For 21 Respiratory Pathogens

Lilian WaibociKenya Medical Research InstituteNairobi, Kenya
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
19 Apr 2012

Lilian Waiboci of the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention- Kenya will use new technology to screen respiratory specimens from hospitals in Kenya for 21 pathogens, bacteria and viruses that all cause lower respiratory tract illnesses. Data generated from these screens will allow for better tracking of circulating pathogens, inform more effective treatments, and potentially reduce the development of drug resistance.

Simple and Rapid Recognition of Preterm Infants With RDS

Kathleen BongiovanniSeattle Children's HospitalSeattle, Washington, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
29 Mar 2012

Kathleen Bongiovanni of Seattle Children's Hospital in the U.S. will test whether oral fluids routinely suctioned from newborns mouths immediately after delivery – instead of fluids collected by amniocentesis or aspiration – can be used in a surfactant foam stability test to diagnose lung immaturity and predict respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The non-invasive sample collection would enable skilled birth attendants in developing countries to detect lung immaturity in premature babies and reduce RDS-associated morbidity and mortality.

Shotgun Target Identification

Ronald QuinnGriffith UniversityBrisbane, Queensland, Australia
Grand Challenges Explorations
Malaria Drugs
12 Oct 2012

Ronald Quinn of Griffith University in Australia will use anti-malarial compounds as probes to trap protein targets. Mass spectrometry followed by electron capture dissociation (ECD) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) will be used to identify individual binding domains between the anti-malarial compounds in the Malaria Box and the malaria parasite proteome that can be used as specific drug targets.

Self-Administered Adhesive Plaster for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Hossam HaickTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
1 May 2012

Hossam Haick of Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in Israel is developing a sensing plaster that can be stuck on the chest to detect volatile biomarkers emitted through the skin for self-diagnosis of tuberculosis even at early stages. The presence of tuberculosis will be signaled by colored LEDs. In Phase I, they evaluated different materials and selected non-toxic nanomaterial-based sensors. They also performed a study of healthy people and tuberculosis patients and identified several candidate volatile compounds that could be detected by the sensors. In Phase II they will further optimize the plaster to improve wearability and detection, and perform field tests at tuberculosis clinics in South Africa, India and China.

Seed-based Vaccine Production and Delivery Platform

Eva StogerUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaVienna, Austria
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
5 Apr 2012

Eva Stoger of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Austria proposes to engineer edible cereal seeds such as maize and barley to produce recombinant antigens for use in edible multi-component subunit vaccines against infectious diseases. These oral vaccines would employ bioencapsulation to ensure efficient delivery to the gut mucosa.

Saving Preterm Infants with Chemical Warming Padded Jacket

Saifuddin AhmedJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Maryland, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
17 Oct 2012

Saifuddin Ahmed of Johns Hopkins University in the U.S. will develop and test a low-cost, reusable warming jacket for use in preventing hypothermia in preterm babies. The jacket uses the non-toxic salt solution currently used for hand warmers and muscle pain relief pads and could be used in tandem with Kangaroo Mother Care in developing countries where electricity and incubators are not available.

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