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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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Exploring Mobile Money Transaction Data

Paula Hidalgo-SanchisPulse Lab Kampala - UN Global PulseKampala, Uganda
Grand Challenges Explorations
Financial Services Data
1 Nov 2015

Paula Hidalgo-Sanchis and team at Pulse Lab Kampala – UN Global Pulse in Uganda will develop software that can transform raw data on mobile money use in developing countries into user-friendly formats to inform policymakers and researchers to help expand the field. They will collect mobile money and call detail records from two collaborating network providers, while ensuring privacy of users. In parallel, they will collect complementary datasets such as household survey data to enrich the value of the financial services data. They will process the data to evaluate the relationship between mobile money usage and, for example, geographical location or local economic and environmental factors.

Field Testing of Off-grid, Self-sustained, Modular, Electronic Toilet for Slums, with Solar Energy for Indian Weather and Integrated with Mixed Waste Processing Unit, with Water, Energy/Fertilizer Recovery

Midhu SVEram Scientific Solutions Pvt LtdTrivandrum, , India
Grand Challenges India
Reinvent the Toilet
25 May 2015

This project, undertaken in collaboration with the University of South Florida, U.S., aims to develop and demonstrate an innovative sanitation and resource recovery solution for the slum areas in India.

Finance Application Tool

Ruth FosterTIWA, LLCScottsdale, Arizona, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Mobile Money
1 Nov 2015

Ruth Foster of TIWA, LLC in the U.S. will develop a finance application tool using money pictures to enable illiterate users to make accurate transactions. They will design and test a tablet with touch screen and build associated software for consumers that can be used to scan barcodes, or manually add products and prices. The final cost of the purchases will be automatically displayed using images of real money, which the consumer can then use to pay the correct amount.

Functional Microdispensers for Reducing Outdoor Malaria Transmission

Noel ElmanGearJump Technologies, LLCRevere, Massachusetts, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Malaria Transmission
1 May 2015

Noel Elman of GearJump Technologies in the U.S. will produce a biodegradable device that can be used outdoors for the controlled release of pesticides and mosquito repellants in a defined area. Current methods for reducing malaria transmission by chemically targeting mosquitoes are quite crude and can cause widespread or prolonged exposure of the human population to toxic chemicals. They will build a functional microdispenser (FMD) from biodegradable polymer that releases chemicals contained in a porous membrane upon exposure to oxygen, which can be controlled by various parameters such as pore size. These FMDs can be manufactured at low cost using 3D printers, and will be tested in large outdoor cages.

GAP Year Program (Girls Achieve Power) - Using Sport to Empower Girls at Critical Time of Adolescent Transition

Saiqa MullickWits Health Consortium (Proprietary) LimitedSouth Africa
Grand Challenges
Women and Girls
3 Dec 2015

Saiqa Mullick of Wits Reproductive Health & HIV Research Institute (RHI) in South Africa, along with Grass Root Soccer (GRS), Sonke Gender Justice, and the Population Council, will empower adolescent girls in South African townships as they progress in education by increasing their educational, health, social, and economic assets, while at the same time shifting gender attitudes and encouraging positive behavior among adolescent boys. The “Girls Achieve Power” (GAP) Year Program will work with schools and communities to encourage a culture of health and safety, and promote school retention among adolescent girls. Using soccer as a program platform, and enlisting local coaches as facilitators, the program will enable a healthy and productive progression for adolescent girls through secondary school. Aside from these direct benefits, the program will also expand the evidence base around the impact of asset-building approaches for adolescent girls.

Genetic Strategies for Control of Dengue Virus Transmission

Anthony JamesUniversity of California, IrvineIrvine, California, United States
Grand Challenges in Global Health
Biological Vector Control
1 Jul 2005

Approaches to controlling disease-carrying insects might include inhibiting the development of virus in the mosquito or altering the insects' lifespan so that they die before they can transmit disease. A major challenge to this approach, however, is ensuring that such strategies are effective, safe, and socially and environmentally acceptable. Dr. James is leading an international team of scientists that is seeking to develop methods of controlling the transmission of dengue viruses using genetic techniques, including those that may block virus transmission by mosquitoes and reduce or eliminate populations of mosquitoes that transmit the virus.

Girls for Health: Empowering Rural Girls' Transition from School to Employment as Health Workers

Fatima AdamuFederal University Birnin KebbiBirnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Grand Challenges
Women and Girls
16 Nov 2015

Fatima Adamu from the Federal University Birnin Kebbi in Nigeria will support the transition of adolescent girls from secondary school into heath-related careers such as medicine, midwifery, and nursing to address the shortage of female health workers specifically in rural northern Nigeria. Social norms dictate that women only receive reproductive care from females, so a shortage means that many, particularly in the North, do not receive any health care during pregnancy. Additionally, women who pursue careers are more likely to have children later, which is associated with a healthier life. They will integrate existing and new education strategies, including coaching particularly female teachers in student-centered learning methods, to improve core academic and vocational training, and enhance life skills for girls. Their approach will be tested using a controlled trial.

GMApp - The Developing Brain and the Developing World at Hand

Peter MarschikMedical University of GrazGraz, Austria
Grand Challenges Explorations
Brain Function/Gestational Age
1 May 2015

Peter Marschik from the Medical University of Graz in Austria will develop a mobile phone app to assess general movement in infants under 6 months of age for diagnosing neurological defects and predicting the development of abnormalities particularly in low-resource settings. General movement assessments (GMA) reflect the functioning of the developing brain and are normally made by video recording the whole body of an infant over 3-5 minutes followed by expert analysis. To expand access of this technique to developing countries, he will develop software for a smart phone to capture the general movements of an infant, and to relay the acquired data directly to a GM expert for immediate diagnosis and to plan any required treatment.

Healthy Birth: A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Implementation and Effects of an Intervention to Improve the Quality of Maternal and Neonatal Care in Brazilian Hospitals

Maria do Carmo LealFiocruzRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Grand Challenges Brazil
All Children Thriving
20 Oct 2015

Maria do Carmo Leal from Fiocruz in Brazil will undertake a pilot “Parto Adequado” (Adequate Birth) project to evaluate whether different health care models offered by medical institutions during pregnancy and childbirth can promote healthier births, particularly by reducing the rate of unnecessary medical procedures. These include caesarean section without clinical indication, which occur frequently in Brazil and can have negative consequences. They have selected 23 geographically dispersed hospitals for the pilot study, which will involve around 16,000 mothers. To promote good practices, they have developed three health care models that combine different numbers and types of medical staff (i.e., Doctors and nurses-midwives) to be involved at specific stages from pregnancy to birth. These will be offered to hospitals for implementation over 18 months. They will then analyse the degree of implementation of the models, and their effects on the type of birth, adoption of good practices, and hospital costs after two and three years. They will also interview the mothers and health care workers to evaluate acceptability of the different models.

Homing Endonuclease Genes: New Tools for Mosquito Population Engineering and Control

Austin BurtImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
Grand Challenges in Global Health
Biological Vector Control
1 Jul 2005

The inability to ensure that newly introduced genes will become established within regional mosquito populations has been a major roadblock to the advancement of genetic strategies for vector control. Dr. Burt and his colleagues are investigating homing endonuclease genes (HEGs), so-called "parasitic" genes that can spread rapidly through mosquito populations even if they harm the host insect. This gives HEGs the potential to move newly introduced traits, such as sterility or inability to transmit disease, through a population quickly. The project's ultimate goal is to develop HEGs as a flexible, robust, powerful, and safe system to drive useful traits through populations of mosquitoes that transmit malaria. Burt (Grand Challenges in Global Health: 2005-2015 retrospective)

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