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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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"Bulletin Board" For Broadcasting Vaccine Supply/Demand

Arun RamanujapuramLogistimoBangalore, , India
Grand Challenges Explorations
Immunization Systems
5 Apr 2012

Arun Ramanujapuram of Logistimo, Inc. in India proposes to develop a mobile-phone based "bulletin-board" for capturing and broadcasting availability and demand information for vaccines and medicines. By bringing real-time visibility to these essential goods, stock can be appropriately redistributed to areas of need, and waste can be reduced.

0.70%

Jack McPartlandFuture Buro Pty LtdSydney, New South Wales, Australia
Grand Challenges Explorations
Communicating About Aid
3 Oct 2012

Jack McPartland of Future Buro in Australia will work to turn the figure "0.7%" – which is the United Nations target for aid donations from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries – into a brand that can be communicated to tell the story about the proportionally small amount of financial resources needed to make an impact in the developing world. After branding is created, Future Buro will work to secure partnerships to facilitate donations of 0.7% of incomes, budgets, and media space to expand the reach of targeted communications about the positive impact of foreign aid.

4°C Simple Passive Vaccine Storage Device

Keith BartlettTrue EnergyTywyn Gwynedd, Wales, United Kingdom
Grand Challenges Explorations
Immunization Systems
8 Oct 2012

Keith Bartlett of True Energy in the United Kingdom will work with stakeholders in the immunization community to create a prototype vaccine storage device that uses the properties of water density to maintain vaccines at 4°C during the "last mile" of the cold chain. A water container that maintains the liquid at a steady temperature of 4°C will be in contact with the vaccine storage area, preventing temperature fluctuations that can damage or destroy vaccines.

A Bacteriophage Platform for Programmable Killing of Bacteria

Chase BeiselNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, North Carolina, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Bacteriophage
1 Nov 2015

Chase Beisel of North Carolina State University in the U.S. will exploit non-lytic bacteriophage for promoting infant gut health and treating enteric infections in low-resource settings. Generally, lytic phage are being studied for treating diseases, but they suffer from a number of limitations including causing resistance and the release of endotoxins, which can damage healthy cells. They will use the CRISPR-Cas9 defense system to engineer non-lytic P1 phage to specifically target the bacteria Shigella sonnei, which is a leading cause of enteric diseases in children in the developing world. The engineered phage, which can be produced at low cost, will be tested for ability to efficiently infect and kill the targeted bacteria.

A Biotic Stress Sensor Printed on Maize Leaves

Hideaki TsutsuiUniversity of California, RiversideRiverside, California, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Protecting Crop Plants
1 May 2012

Hideaki Tsutsui of the University of California, Riverside in the U.S. will develop a low-cost stamp to directly print biosensors on maize leaves for colorimetric detection of biotic stresses. The strategy is to develop an immunochromatographic assay using microneedle probes while printing an easily-read color-change detector.

A Buddy Program for Immunisation System Managers

Ben GilbertUniversity of CanberraCanberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Grand Challenges Explorations
Immunization Systems
24 Oct 2012

Ben Gilbert and Andrew Brown of the University of Canberra in Australia will develop a regional support network for medical supply managers in Pacific Island countries that can help them to better apply the formal training they received to manage vaccine supply systems. By engaging them in a buddy support system, Gilbert and Brown hope to empower these managers to overcome cultural, educational, social and historical factors that hinder effective management styles, and help them operate supply systems that are more responsive to immunization challenges in those developing countries.

A Device for Self-Sampling of Blood for Infectious Disease

Ian MatthewsCardiff UniversityCardiff, United Kingdom
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
11 Apr 2012

Ian Matthews of Cardiff University in the United Kingdom proposes to develop a self-sampling micro-needle patch device for the collection of small volumes of blood. Micro-needles will be fabricated using Deep Reactive Ion Etching. The device will permit non-refrigerated transport of collected blood for subsequent assays for diagnosis of infectious disease.

A Diagostic Test for Poor Anti-TB Drug Bioavailability

Christopher VinnardDrexel UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Grand Challenges Explorations
Global Health Solutions
2 Apr 2012

Christopher Vinnard of Drexel University in the U.S. proposes to develop a low-cost point-of-care urine test that can safely and accurately identify tuberculosis patients who poorly absorb anti-TB drugs. Testing patients for inadequate drug bioavailability could enable better drug dose optimization and decrease transmission rates.

A Glycan Formula as Diet Additive Against Mosquito-Borne Viral Transmission

Gong ChengTsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
Grand Challenges Explorations
China Tsinghua-GCE
1 Mar 2015

Gong Cheng of Tsinghua University in China will develop a glycan formula as a diet additive that specifically inhibits the lectin-based viral receptors in mosquitos, thereby providing a practical approach against dissemination of multiple mosquito-borne viruses.

A High Throughput Mosquito Assay

Koen DecheringTropIQ Health SciencesNijmegen, Netherlands
Grand Challenges Explorations
Malaria Drugs
12 Oct 2012

Koen Dechering of TropIQ Health Sciences in the Netherlands is developing a high-throughput functional assay to identify new compounds that specifically block transmission of the malaria parasites to their vector hosts, which is a difficult stage to target, and to test candidate drugs. The assay incorporates luciferase- expressing parasites, which emit light as they develop in the mosquito midgut, along with barcoded chemical libraries. In Phase I, they tested several barcoding strategies and identified a bacterium that could be genetically modified to carry a unique barcode for identifying hit compounds selected in the screen. They also developed the luminescent reporter parasite to track transmission. In Phase II, they will further develop the assay for higher throughput, and screen compounds from the Tres Cantos Antimalarial Set and the MMV Validation, Malaria and Pathogen boxes. They will also use the assay to characterize the mechanisms of action of other candidate transmission-blocking compounds.

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