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Grand Challenges is a family of initiatives fostering innovation to solve key global health and development problems. Each initiative is an experiment in the use of challenges to focus innovation on making an impact. Individual challenges address some of the same problems, but from differing perspectives.

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Scaling Up Every Second Matters for Mothers and Babies - Ketamine (ESM-Ketamine)

Thomas BurkeMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Jan 2015

Our Transition to Scale proposal will provide the ESM-Ketamine package to 34 health facilities (covering a catchment area of nearly 6 million people). The package includes: an ESM-Ketamine kit, and a one-week training program for providers that covers basic pharmacology, appropriate monitoring, Helping Babies Breathe, wall charts and checklists, and case-based learning. The adoption of ESM-Ketamine in Kenya will avert many maternal and neonatal deaths. We anticipate that ESM-Ketamine will be scalable to other countries affected by the anesthesia gap, helping women receive essential surgical care.

Low-Cost, Point-of-Care Screening and Diagnosis of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia: Novel Biomarkers in a Lateral-Flow Test

Sara WatsonProgram for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)Seattle, Washington, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Jan 2015

We have identified three promising urine-based biomarkers from published proteomic studies; our first project activity will be to develop these three urine-based biomarkers into three respective ELISA for proof-of-concept validation and technology transfer to lateral-flow assays.

Sublingual Oxytocin in a Fast-Dissolving Tablet: Human Pharmacokinetic Study of a Novel, Needle-Free, Temperature-Stable Treatment for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Sara WatsonProgram for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)Seattle, Washington, United States
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
1 Jan 2015

we have developed a heat-stable oxytocin fast-dissolving tablet (FDT) for sublingual administration. Under this project, we propose to test the effectiveness of this simple, needle-free approach to prevention of PPH by conducting a human pharmacokinetic study in South Africa.

Designing On-Farm Participatory Models of Integrated Farming Systems for Enhancement of Household Diet Diversity and Livelihoods of Women Smallholder Farmers

Ramanathan KathiresanAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar, , India
Grand Challenges India
Agriculture and Nutrition
23 Jan 2015

The project intends to promote the adoption of an innovative model of farming - the Integrated Farming System (IFS) - in the Chidambaram region. It aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model of farming in improving agricultural productivity and create avenues for empowerment of women as well as augment household diet diversity and improve nutritional standards of 150 poor women farmers.

Scaling Proven Mobile Maternal Health E-Vouchers in Western Kenya

Samuel AgutuChangamka Microhealth LimitedNairobi, Kenya
Grand Challenges for Development
Saving Lives at Birth
20 Feb 2015

Our plan is to scale up a proven e-voucher program covering the costs of maternity care and SMS reminders in order to reduce financial and informational barriers to care and to dramatically increase skilled facility-based deliveries. Specifically, we plan to (1) double the rates of institutional and skilled deliveries; (2) increase the rates of antenatal and postnatal care, particularly the number of women who receive four or more antenatal visits; (3) improve the quality of care delivered by incentivizing CHWs; and integrate our vouchers with a Government health financing plan. We hope to generate generalizable knowledge on: (1) the effectiveness of maternity vouchers; (2) the impact of SMS messages on the demand for care, (3) ways to reduce gender and cultural barriers by integrating husbands; and (4) the effectiveness of CHW incentives in improving the quality of care. Our development and delivery of a mobile phone based solution that is integrated to a mobile money solution is truly innovative

Specific Targeting of Tuberculosis Rifampicin-Tolerant Populations

Babak JavidTsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
Grand Challenges Explorations
China Tsinghua-GCE
1 Mar 2015

Javid, Zhu, and colleagues of Tsinghua University in China have developed a strategy to isolate phenotypically-resistant mycobacteria. They will therefore be able to identify small molecules that are specific for this subpopulation as opposed to the bulk tuberculosis population, which may in turn identify pathways to accelerate TB therapy.

Elimination of ADE-Induced Dengue Virus Infection by a Novel Reagent DCAF

Shan FengTsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
Grand Challenges Explorations
China Tsinghua-GCE
1 Mar 2015

Shan Feng of Tsinghua University in China will develop a novel reagent called DCAF to eliminate antibody-dependence-enhanced (ADE) Dengue virus infection. DCAF stands for Dual-functional Conjugate of Antigenic peptide and Fc-III tag, which is designed for the blocking of cross-reactive antibodies that can enhance secondary infection of Dengue virus. In the current phase, they will synthesize a group of DCAF molecules to test their binding affinities with the antibodies of Dengue virus 2 and to evaluate whether these molecules can be used to block the ADE process.

A Glycan Formula as Diet Additive Against Mosquito-Borne Viral Transmission

Gong ChengTsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
Grand Challenges Explorations
China Tsinghua-GCE
1 Mar 2015

Gong Cheng of Tsinghua University in China will develop a glycan formula as a diet additive that specifically inhibits the lectin-based viral receptors in mosquitos, thereby providing a practical approach against dissemination of multiple mosquito-borne viruses.

The Systemic Analysis of Redox Maintenance for Latency in Mycobacteria

Kaixia MiChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
Grand Challenges Explorations
China Tsinghua-GCE
1 Mar 2015

Kaixia Mi of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China will identify biomarkers that define the diagnosis and status of tuberculosis infection.

Design of HIV-1 Epitope Vaccine Based On a Non-Immune Antibody Library From Healthy Individuals

Qi ZhangTsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
Grand Challenges Explorations
China Tsinghua-GCE
1 Mar 2015

Qi Zhang of Tsinghua University in China will identify and characterize antibody germline precursors of broadly neutralizing monocolocal antibodies (bnmAbs) with the ultimate goal to design an HIV-1 vaccine candidate able to stimulate the precursors to develop into protective antibodies in healthy individuals.

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